DNA methylation in small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) originates from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and accounts for approximately 15% of incidents. Patients with SCLC have a very low survival rate due to fast progression early metastasis. Despite the recent approval immune checkpoint blockade treatment by US FDA, conventional platinum chemotherapy remains first-line which always develops quick drug resistance. To define targets diagnosis treatment, has been categorized different molecular markers. The most popular markers include genomic mutations in tumour suppressor genes such as TP53 RB1 expression lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs), that is ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3 YAP1. As DNA methylation an important hallmark cancer, efforts were made investigate mechanisms involved progression. Indeed, distinct pattern its features compared non-SCLC other tumours. In this review, we summarized are associated TFs, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, resistance, evasion We foresaw challenges applying clinical discussed new approaches technologies overcome them. Combined gene regulatory information histone modification, methylation/hydroxymethylation will be resolved at single-cell resolution dissect microenvironment. huge multiomics data processed integrated images pathological histochemistry artificial intelligence cloud computing. Circulating cell-free greatly enhance prognosis prediction. New organoid organ chip models break through obstacles sampling limitation, faithfully simulate physiology human tissues enable examining spatiotemporal during